Protective Relaying
Differential Protection
Application of differential protection
Principle of circulating current differential (MERZ-PRIZE) protection
Difficulties of differential protection
Differential protection of 3-phase circuit
Biased or per cent differential relay
Setting of differential relay
Balanced voltage differential protection
Distance Protection
Introduction to Distance Protection
Principle of R-X Diagram
Theory of Impedance Measurement
Methods of Analysis
Directional Impedance Relay
Torque Equation of Directional Impedance Relay
Modified (Shifted) Characteristic
Reactance Type Distance Relay
Mho Type Distance Relay
Application of Distance Protection
Overcurrent Protection and Earth Fault Protection
Introduction
Application of Over-current protection
Relays used in over-current protection
Characteristics for relay units for over-current protection.
Earth fault protection
Connection of CT's for earth fault protection
Combined earth fault and phase fault protection
Earth fault protection with core balance current transformer (Zero sequence ct)
Frame leakage protection
Directional over-current protection
Directional earth fault protection
Protection of Transmission Line
Non directional time graded system of feeder (or line ) protection.
Directional time and current graded system
Setting of directional over-current relays of ring main
Current Graded Systems
Definite time over-current protection of lines
Earth fault protection of line
Summary of Over-current Protection of Lines
Introduction to Distance Protection of H.V. and E.H.V. Lines
Distance Schemes
Starting Element (Fault detector)
Stepped Characteristic
Three Step Distance-Time Characteristic
Power swing
Carrier Assisted Distance Protection.
Distance Scheme for Single Pole and Triple-pole Auto-reclosing
Connection of Distance Relays
➣ Protection of Transmission Line (Part3) - Part c : Protection of Lines Based on Unit Principle
Pilot Protection Using Circulating Current Differential Relaying
Pilot Protection Using Circulating Current Differential Relaying
➣ Protection of Transmission Line (Part4) - Part D: Carrier Current Protection of Transmission lines
Carrier Current Protection
Phase Comparison Carrier Current Protection
Applications of Carrier Current Relaying
Radio Links or Microwave Links
Transformer Protection
Carrier Current Protection
Phase Comparison Carrier Current Protection
Applications of Carrier Current Relaying
Radio Links or Microwave Links
Transformer Protection
➣ Induction Motor Protection
Introduction
Various Faults and Abnormal Operating Conditions
Starting Current
Introduction
Various Faults and Abnormal Operating Conditions
Starting Current
➣ Busbar Protection
Busbar Faults
Busbar Faults
➣ Nondirectional Time and Current Graded Method Protection
Use of Inverse Time Relay
Setting of Inverse Overcurrent Relays
Disadvantage of nondirectional Time and Current Graded Method
➣Directional Time and Current Graded Protection
Parallel Feeder Protection
Tee Feeder Protection
Ring Main and interconnected System
➣ Differential Protection of Feeders (Pilote Wire Protection)
Merz-Price Voltage Balance System
Translay Scheme
Use of Inverse Time Relay
Setting of Inverse Overcurrent Relays
Disadvantage of nondirectional Time and Current Graded Method
➣Directional Time and Current Graded Protection
Parallel Feeder Protection
Tee Feeder Protection
Ring Main and interconnected System
➣ Differential Protection of Feeders (Pilote Wire Protection)
Merz-Price Voltage Balance System
Translay Scheme
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The essential elements of protection is a sensor to identify the faulty condition and a device to initiate tripping signal to the Circuit breaker.
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