The same concept can now be extended to the capacitor filter used in full wave rectifier circuit as shown in the Fig. 1.
 |
| Fig. 1(a) |
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| Fig. 1(b) |
Immediately when power is turned on, the capacitor C gets charged through forward biased diode D1 to Esm,
during first quarter cycle of the rectified output voltage. In the next
quarter cycle from π/2 to π, the capacitor starts discharging through RL. Once capacitor gets charged to Esm, the diode D1
becomes reverse biased and stops conducting. So during the period from
π/2 to π, the capacitor C supplies the load current. It discharging to
point B showing in the Fig. 2. At point B, lying in the quarter π to
3π/2 of the rectified output voltage, the input voltage exceeds
capacitor voltage, making D2 forward biased. This charges capacitor back to Esm at point C.
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| Fig. 2 Capacitor filter with FWR |
The time required by capacitor C to charge to Esm is quite small and only for this period, diode D2 is conducting. Again at point C, diode D2
stops conductor and capacitor supplies load and starts discharging
upto point D in the next quarter cycle of the rectified output voltage
as shown in the Fig. 2. At this point, the diode D1 conducts to charge capacitor back to Esm. The diode currents are shown shaded in the Fig. 3.
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| Fig. 3 Operation of capacitor filter for full wave rectifier |
1.2.1 Expression for Ripple Factor
The ripple voltage in the output of capacitor filter with full wave
rectifier is practically assumed to be triangular as shown in the Fig.
4.
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| Fig. 5 Triangular approximation of ripple voltage |
The peak to peak ripple voltage Vr is given by,
Where f = Supply frequency in Hz
C = Capacitor filter in F
RL = Load resistance in Ω.
Note :
The diodes are not conducting for the entire half cycle but only for a
part of the half cycle, during which the capacitor is getting charged.
When the capacitor is discharging through the load resistance RL, both the diodes are non-conducting. The capacitor supplies the load current.
Note :
As the time required by capacitor to charge is very small and it
discharges very little due to large time constant, hence ripple in the
output gets reduced considerably.
Though the diodes conduct partly, the load current gets maintained sue
to the capacitor. This filter is very popularly used in practice
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