Synchronous Generator Library

➣ Synchronous generator : Introduction

➣ Difference between D.C. Generator and Alternator

➣ Advantages of Rotating Field Over Rotating Armature

➣ Constrution of Synchronous Generator (Stator and Rotor)

➣ Stator

➣ Rotor

            Salient Pole Type

            Smooth Cylindrical Type

            Difference Between Salient and Cylindrical Type of Rotor

➣ Excitation System

➣ Methods of Ventilation

➣ Working Principle of Synchronous Generator

            Mechanical and Electrical Angle

            Frequency of Induced E.M.F.

            Synchronous Speed Ns

➣ Armature Winding of Synchronous Generator 

            Winding Terminology

➣ Types of Armature Windings (Part1   Part2)

            Single Layer and Double Layer Winding

            Full Pitch and Short Pitch Winding

                        Coil Span 

                        Advantages of Short Pitch Coils

            Concentrated and Distributed Winding

➣ Integral Slot Winding

➣ Fractional Slot Winding 

            Advantages of Fractional Slot Winding

➣ E.M.F. Equation of an Alternator

            Pitch Factor of Coil Span Factor (Kc)

            Distribution Factor (Kc)

            Generalised Expression for E.M.F. Equation of an Alternator

            Line Value of Induced E.M.F.

➣Harmonics

            Slot Harmonics

            Harmonics Minimization

➣ Effect of Harmonics Components on an Induced E.M.F.

            Effect of Harmonics Components on Pitch Factor

            Effect of Harmonics Components on Distribution Factor

            Total E.M.F. Generated due to Harmonic Components

➣ Parameters of Armature Winding

➣ Armature Resistance

➣ Armature Leakage Reactance

➣ Armature Reaction

            Unity Power Factor Load

            Zero Lagging Power Factor Load

            Zero Leading Power Factor Load

            Armature Reaction Reactance (Xar)

➣ Concepts of Synchronous Reactance and Impedance

➣ Equivalent Circuit of an Alternator

➣ Voltage Equation of an Alternator

➣ Phasor Diagram of a Loaded Alternator

            Lagging Power Factor Load

            Leading Power Factor Load

            Unity Power Factor Load

➣ Voltage Regulation of an Alternator

➣ KVA Rating of an Alternator

➣ Regulation of Synchronous Generator : Introduction

➣ Voltage Regulation by Direct Load

➣ Synchronous Impedance Method or E.M.F. Method

            Open Circuit Test

            Short Circuit Test

            Determination of Zs from O.C.C. and S.C.C.

            Regulation Calculations

            Advantages and Limitations of Synchronous Impedance Method

➣ M.M.F. Method of Determining Regulation

➣ Zero Power Factor (ZPF) Method 

            Open Circuit Test 

            Zero Power Factor Test

            Use of Potier Reactance to Determine Regulation

➣ ASA Modification of M.M.F. Method

➣ Blondel's Two Reaction Theory (Theory of Salient Pole Machine)

            Direct and Quadrature Axis Synchronous Reactance

            Detail Analysis of Phasor Diagram

➣ Determination of Xd and Xq Using Slip Test

➣ Introduction to Synchronization of Alternators

➣ Synchronization of Single Phase Alternators

            Lamps Dark Method

            Lamps Bright Method

➣ Sycnhronization of Three Phase Alternators

➣ Synchronization by Sycnhronscope

➣ Sycnhronizing Current

➣ Theory of cylindrical rotor machine

➣ Operating Characteristics of Synchronous Generator

➣ Power Angle Characteristics of Synchronous Generator

➣ Effect of Change in Excitation

            Alternator on No Load

            Alternator on Load

            Phasor Diagram

            Division of Load Between Two Alternators

➣ Effect of Change in Input or Mechanical Torque

            Alternator on No Load

            Alternator on Load

            Phasor Diagram

➣ Alternator Connected to Infinite Bus bar

            Effect of Excitation

            Alternator on No Load

            Alternator on Load

            Effect of Driving Torque

➣ Capability Curves

➣ Short Circuit Transients (Part1   Part 2)

            Constant Flux Linkage Theorem

            Analysis of RL Series Circuit 

            Short Circuit Phenomenon

            Stator Currents During Short Circuit

➣ Single Phase Short Circuit